Vol. 5, Issue 1, Part A (2023)

Stress biology is a fascinating field of study that explores the intricate interactions between organisms and their environment in response to various stressors. Stress, in biological terms, refers to any disturbance that disrupts the normal homeostasis of an organism. These stressors can be physical, chemical, or psychological in nature, challenging an organism's survival and well-being.
This abstract provides an overview of stress biology, highlighting the physiological responses and adaptive mechanisms that organisms employ to cope with stress. The stress response involves a cascade of molecular, cellular, and systemic changes that aim to restore equilibrium and ensure survival.
At the cellular level, stress activates signaling pathways, such as the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and the sympathetic nervous system, triggering the release of stress hormones like cortisol and adrenaline. These hormones mobilize energy reserves, increase heart rate, and sharpen focus, preparing the organism for the "fight-or-flight" response.